Coat assembly mediated by coat proteins produces cilium-destined vesicles these vesicles are targeted to the periciliary membrane (PCM) near the ciliary base region. The first stage of ciliary trafficking, pre-ciliary trafficking, relies on the canonical vesicular trafficking pathway, which is initiated by sorting in the trans-Golgi network. Increasing evidence suggests that the cilia are sub-compartmentalized, and proper sub-ciliary localization of proteins is essential for their function ( Lee and Chung, 2015).Ĭiliary protein localization is mediated by the collaboration of two fundamentally different mechanisms: vesicular trafficking and vesicle-free trafficking, termed intraflagella transport (IFT) ( Lee and Chung, 2015 Sung and Leroux, 2013). Ciliary dysfunction results in pleiotropic effects on diverse eukaryotic cells, ranging from sensory neurons to germ cells ( Waters and Beales, 2011). The cilium, a hair-like eukaryotic cell organelle, is a distinct cellular compartment in terms of function, structure, and protein composition ( Lee and Chung, 2015 Sung and Leroux, 2013). Keywords cilia, ciliary sub-compartment, Drosophila, intraflagella transport, transient receptor potential channel Taken together, our results suggest that subciliary segregation of the two TRP channels relies on their distinct intrinsic properties, and begins at the initial stage of their pre-ciliary trafficking. The ectopic expression of the two TRP channels in both ciliated and nonciliated cells revealed their intrinsic properties related to their localization. Lack of intraflagella transport-related proteins affected TRPV from the initial stage of its pre-ciliary trafficking, whereas it affected TRPN from the ciliary entry stage. In developing chordotonal cilia, TRPN was directly targeted to the ciliary tip from the beginning of its appearance and was retained in the distal subcompartment throughout development, whereas the ciliary localization of TRPV was considerably delayed. To understand the mechanisms underlying the sub-ciliary segregation of the two TRPs, we analyzed their localization under various conditions. In Drosophila chordotonal cilium, where mechano-electric transduction occurs, two transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily ion channels, TRPV and TRPN, are restricted to the proximal and distal subcompartments, respectively. Recent studies have revealed that protein targeting into the proper ciliary subcompartments is essential for ciliary function. Cilia are important eukaryotic cellular compartments required for diverse biological functions.
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